International Circulation:  Will you please share with us the current development of the trans-catheter aortic valve implementation， known as TAVI?
国际循环：您能给我们介绍一下关于跨导管主动脉瓣植入（也称为TAVI）最新的研究进展吗？

Prof. Greg W. Stone:  This is really an exciting time in the whole field of percutaneous coronary intervention because we are no longer just coronary interventionists.  We have really moved on to， first， peripheral vascular intervention， and now structural heart disease.  Of these areas trans-catheter valve implantation is by far the most exciting and promising arena.  We now have two percutaneous aortic valves， the Edwards SAPIAN valve and now the Medtronic core valve re-valving system.  Both of which are somewhat different but do the same thing， which is take a patient who is a poor surgical candidate or non-operative candidate with no other alternatives with critical aortic stenosis， it allows us to through either trans-femoral percutaneous approach or now through a trans-apical approach， which is still a limited thoracotomy， to be able to leave the patient’s aortic valve in situ and put a new valve， a stent mounted valve， inside the patient’s severely stenotic valve and lead to a new functioning aortic prosthesis.  It is very exciting and there are probably approaching 10，000 patients now that have been done worldwide.  We expect to see this to continue to grow.  The pivotal trial in the United States for the approval of the SAPIAN valve has been completed and we should have the results about this time at TCT next year， which will be very exciting.  After that we would expect to see approval in the United States. 
Prof. Greg W. Stone:这是经皮冠状动脉介入领域激动人心的时刻，因为我们不再仅仅是冠状动脉介入专家。我们第一次发展到周围血管介入以及现在的结构性心脏病领域。其中跨导管主动脉瓣植入是最令人兴奋和有希望的领域。我们现在有两个经皮主动脉瓣，即Edwards 公司的SAPIAN瓣膜和Medtronic公司的 CoreValve瓣膜。两者有所不同，但作用相同，主要用于状态较差的等待手术的患者，或重度主动脉狭窄而无其它替代治疗方法的非手术患者，它使我们能够通过经股经皮的方法或通过跨顶的方法来实施，这仍然是一个有限的开胸手术，能够在原位保留患者的主动脉瓣，并放置一个新瓣膜于患者重度狭窄的瓣膜内，从而形成一个新的功能性主动脉假体。这是非常令人兴奋的，应用的患者可能接近10 000名，现在已在世界范围内应用。我们希望继续保持这种增长趋势。关于批准SAPIAN瓣膜的试验性研究在美国已经完成，明年TCT会议在这个时候会报告研究结果，这将令人兴奋。我们希望在美国得到批准。